Alabama Public Television Presents
Rural Revival: The Civilian Conservation Corp in Alabama
Special | 50m 50sVideo has Closed Captions
Documentary explores how the depression-era program reshaped Alabama and its people.
Rural Revival explores how the Civilian Conservation Corp helped put unemployed men to work during the Great Depression. CCC initiated projects were to improve the state's forested lands, strengthen the forest-fire protection system, and aid in the development of new state park lands. The program included soil conservation, dam construction and waterway improvements across the state.
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Alabama Public Television Presents is a local public television program presented by APT
Alabama Public Television Presents
Rural Revival: The Civilian Conservation Corp in Alabama
Special | 50m 50sVideo has Closed Captions
Rural Revival explores how the Civilian Conservation Corp helped put unemployed men to work during the Great Depression. CCC initiated projects were to improve the state's forested lands, strengthen the forest-fire protection system, and aid in the development of new state park lands. The program included soil conservation, dam construction and waterway improvements across the state.
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(slow violin music) (slow violin music continues) (slow violin music continues) (slow violin music continues) (slow orchestral music) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow guitar music) (slow guitar music continues) (slow guitar music continues) (slow guitar music continues) (slow guitar music continues) (slow guitar music continues) (slow guitar music continues) - [Narrator] Alabama in the 1930s was about as far as you could get from New York's Wall Street, but the Stock Market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression that followed affected urban and rural families all across America for the next decade.
Rural communities, especially in the South, were already impoverished.
These people were mostly farmers, laborers, and sharecroppers.
They were large families, and with more hands to work came more mouths to feed.
The Depression, sweeping across the nation, put many of these families on government relief.
Young men in these families from the age of 17 were eligible for a new federal work program, the Civilian Conservation Corps, or CCC.
- The Civilian Conservation Corps was the common name of the Emergency Conservation Work, which was one of the New Deal programs that Franklin Delano Roosevelt created in 1933, and faced with unemployment and faced with a long history of resource abuse, he was able to address two issues at once by putting veterans of the wars and young men to work in areas of natural resources, so the national forests, the national parks, the state parks, private forests, state forests, it was all conservation work.
They all got a chance to get this wonderful labor force.
So one of the things that the Civilian Conservation Corps was wonderful about was that it did not require matching funds from the state.
Other New Deal projects did.
The Civilian Conservation Corps, if you could put them to work, you could have them do the work and it would not cost the state any money, and Alabama was fortunate to get many, many projects approved.
(slow music) (slow music continues) - [Narrator] In 1939, a 15-year-old boy named Thomas had quit school to work the fields.
He was one of 12 children living on a sharecropper farm.
He was tall and lean, with dark hair, a ruddy complexion, and rough hands.
He was underage for the CCC, but knew hard work, and his family needed financial help.
Birth certificates were not common in rural areas, and the enlistment officer took the word of the father that Thomas was old enough to join.
The work program paid $30 a month, 25 of which went directly to the family.
Thomas spent a few days training at Fort McClellan in Anniston, Alabama.
He was inoculated for typhoid and smallpox.
Then, on October 4th, 1939, he took a train to Chicago, Illinois.
There, he boarded another train, the California Zephyr, and headed west.
After a week long ride, he arrived at CCC Camp Cathlamet, Private Forest Project P-213 in Wahkiakum County, Washington, which sat on the banks of the Columbia River.
He was a long way from home for the first time.
Deep in the woods at Camp Cathlamet, Thomas spent his days, along with hundreds of others, clearing land, cutting trees, and building roads.
After a few months as a laborer, he was assigned to the kitchen as a cook.
The food, physical exercise, and educational opportunities were welcomed by the boys and important for their futures.
On March 18th, 1940, Thomas earned a certificate of graduation from the State of Washington Department of Education.
This certificate, equivalent to a junior high school completion, entitled him to enter any US high school without further examination.
High school would have to wait, however.
There were still five more months clearing forest at Camp Cathlamet, 2,600 miles from Lincoln, Alabama.
(slow music continues) Thomas's 11 months at CCC Camp Cathlamet ended on September 20th, 1940.
He boarded a train for the long ride back to Alabama.
He was assigned to Moulton, Alabama, CCC Company 3476, Camp F-11, a US forest camp.
From September 21st, 1940, to November 15th, 1940, he helped to build roads and bridges.
He was now 16 years old.
- My name is Howard Vaughan.
I was born in Gadsden, Alabama in October 10th, 1916.
My mother had applied for welfare, and I didn't know anything about it, but they were in the living room, the lady and my mother were talking, and I walked through the living room and the lady asked my mother, said, "Who's that?"
And she said, "That's my son."
She says, "Well, I can get him a job."
Well, we hadn't even mentioned a job.
She says, "You take this card down to the old courthouse in Birmingham, room 222."
So I did, I gave the lady my card, and she gave me a train ticket.
So the next day, I caught a train to Decatur.
I got to Decatur, there was a man waiting on me.
So we took off to Moulton.
I didn't know what I was gonna do or why I was really going.
We plant trees in the fall, and the rest of the time, we'd be digging ditches, building dams.
When the burs started falling, we'd go in the forest and gather pine burs, and then send them to Muscle Shoals.
They would heat them and the seeds would fall out, and they would plant them, and then we'd finally go get the trees that they'd put out for seed.
Well, this boy that I replaced in the warehouse, his mother was sick, and he had just took off home, and he'd been gone over a month and a half when they gave me the job, and he came back and he walked in the warehouse and he says, "Vaughan, you can leave now," and I says, "You'd better go see the boss."
Well, I didn't see him anymore.
The boss told him, so he went out into the field forces again.
And they paid us $30 a month.
They gave me five and mailed my mother 25, and then when I got the job in the warehouse, they gave me a raise to assistant leader, which was $6.00, and that gave me $11 instead of five.
(slow music) (slow music continues) - [Narrator] Lee Greene is a land surveyor and local CCC historian who has researched the locations of many CCC camps.
Most of the camps were wooden barracks which were built, taken apart, and moved as needed.
Greene used archival aerial photographs to locate the camps across Alabama.
I met with Lee to locate the area where Thomas would have stayed while at Camp F-11 in Moulton.
(lively orchestral music) (lively orchestral music continues) - The government would lease land for the CCC camps across the state, across the country when they had camps, and this is no exception.
This camp was located here about two blocks away from the town square in Moulton.
This was a very rural area at the time.
There was literally nothing here.
It was a convenient place to put the camp, it was near water, it was near a municipality, and then they could go do work in the Bankhead Forest in the camp trucks from here, which was in close proximity.
- Lee, this CCC Camp right outside of Moulton, what did it mean to the town to have this camp here?
- It was almost like having an industry move in during the Depression.
We had over 100 men here, they all got paid, they got to keep a third of their income and got to go spend it over in Moulton.
For the town that accepted the CCC camp, they got to survive the Depression.
I mean, they had income coming in, you know, the businesses were able to survive and sell things to the camp.
This big open field is where the CCC camp here in Moulton was located.
There would have been eight or 10 large barracks made of wood and tar paper.
There would have been an infirmary, a mess hall, there would have been a shop for the camp truck, recreational hall, and all the facilities, everything the men needed would have been right here on this site.
- Lee, what did the CCC mean to individuals and to families?
- The CCC was incredibly important because it provided a job for men in the country where unemployment was so high.
For, you know, the program, during the Depression, they could see the average fighting age male in the United States, and they were not really literate, they were malnourished because of the Depression, and they weren't physically fit, really couldn't read and write.
So the CCC took all of those problems and solved them.
They fed them three square meals a day, they gave them work so they could be physically fit and they earned their pay.
They did conservation work all over the country, and some of that work's still around today.
One of the stories about the CCC's impact on families was a story told to me by Jimmy Walker, who is the mayor of Fayetteville, Alabama, and his father was in the CCC, and he wrote his mom and said, "Mom, I just don't think I can do this anymore.
It's a lot of work, and I get up early," and she said, "Son, you just need to get accustomed to your circumstances 'cause you're in this."
(laughs) - Right.
(laughs) - This is one of two columns that are the only remnants left of evidence of the camp being here.
These stones were quarried locally near the north part of the Bankhead National Forest by the men here in the camp.
At the top of the columns would have been a wood arch with usually the camp number carved into it so that it would be the entrance, and this is the main access gateway into the camp.
Other than the columns, which were built around 1936, 1937, there are other buildings in town, especially in the square in Moulton, and that's the courthouse and some of the commercial buildings that lined around it.
Some have been changed over the years, some burned, some were torn down, but a lot of them are still the same.
Yeah, the education was a very serious part of the CCC.
Every camp had a teacher or a camp education advisor, and they taught the men at the camp how to read, write, civics, and all sorts of things, and they wrote a newsletter, did all the reports for the camp's activities.
My grandfather was a teacher, and he was the CEA.
He was a teacher here at Mount Hope High School, not far from here in Moulton.
He went to Tupelo, Mississippi for six months, and then his first posting was right here in Moulton, and he already knew a lot of the men in the camp because the CCC was very new, they hadn't sent men out west yet, so a lot of the men and boys that were here were kids he coached or taught in school in Lawrence County.
(slow music) (slow music continues) - [Announcer] There are about 500 beautifully wooded acres in Valley Creek State Park, off the main highway, between Montgomery, Alabama and Meridian, Mississippi, not far from Selma, Alabama.
(upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) (slow music) (slow music continues) - As you can see, this is a very picturesque place, and I want you to note the beautiful stonework of that stone structure.
The young men working on this structure, ages 18 to 25, were part of a federal organization known as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the CCC.
This was the original southern entrance into the park.
On the northern end of the park is the actual northern entrance today, and adjacent to that is a CCC structure which was called the Contact House.
Today, it houses the CCC Museum.
The CCC Boy's Camp, Camp 472, State Park Five, was located about 10 miles from here down in Big Wills Valley in present day Fort Payne, Alabama.
Every morning at dawn, those CCC boys would get up, put on their CCC uniforms, be inspected by a camp official, pile into military style trucks, and be hauled up here onto this plateau of Lookout Mountain.
As they got out of their trucks, they picked up thing picks and shovels and they started building the infrastructure you see today, the roads, the trails, the campgrounds, the parking areas, the culverts, the utilities, the electric, water.
They built the rustic cabins, the lodge.
That infrastructure was created by using the natural materials on this mountain.
As you can see, there's plenty of timber behind me they'd cut into lumber for the structures, and within a few miles of here is the rock quarry where those CCC boys cut out the stone for the beautiful masonry work throughout the park.
At the end of the day, they would get back in their trucks, go down to the camp, Camp 472, they would attend high school classes.
They would learn vocational skills, which would come in quite handy in constructing this park, things like auto mechanics, become electricians, masonry work, cabinetry, all those skills.
They published a semi-monthly paper called "The Camp Beacon," and they had a rec room, and in the rec room, they had playing cards, they had board games.
They also had recreational activities.
They had a hardy breakfast when they got up in the morning to go off to work.
They had onsite lunch, and when they came back to camp, in the mess hall they had a full course dinner.
(slow orchestral music) (upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) - [Announcer] Here's a country of rugged charm, which has long been attracting visitors from distant states.
Above the state park property, the DeSoto River plunges over rocky ledges and waterfalls of majestic beauty.
In caves gouged in the cliffs, early Indian inhabitants lived.
In nearby mountain fastnesses, life is still primitive.
(slow music) Another of those difficult mountain road construction jobs has been a major project for the Conservation Corps here.
In addition, the Corps has built various park structures.
(slow music continues) (slow music continues) (slow music continues) (slow music continues) (slow music continues) - During the Great Depression in the 1930s, life was difficult for a widening number of Americans, of course, soaring unemployment, and, you know, with a series of cascading social consequences.
Family strains, diet and health issues, these are the tough years.
And especially so here in the rural South, where the Depression really predates the disaster in urban America, the collapse of the industrial economy.
Generally, historians date the coming of the Depression to the rural South somewhere in the mid 1920s, with the collapse of farm prices.
So already, by the 1930s, it's a tenuous existence for a widening number of southerners, and I would mention, too, that the plight is compounded, there's an economic, not just an economic, but an environmental dimension to the issue that we're talking about, land that is exhausted by, you know, decades of abuse and misuse.
There's a serious problem with soil erosion, and obviously, an exhausted soil can't produce the kind of agricultural bounty, can't withstand the strains being placed on it by rural southerners.
So it's a difficult, difficult period.
(no audio) - This is the picnic pavilion.
You're at Peavine Falls at Oak Mountain State Park.
This was one of the structures that was built by Civilian Conservation Corps Company 487 in the early 1930s when they were assigned here at Oak Mountain.
The area they selected was about 30 miles from the center of downtown Birmingham in Shelby County.
It had rugged terrain, clear streams, possible areas for trails, and it had a waterfall, which they had named Peavine Falls.
Well, in the morning of Friday, October the 5th, 1934, 150 boys of Company 487 were transported by trucks over 20 miles for their camp in Bessemer into the town of Pelham and began work on cutting a 12 foot wide, three mile long trail into what would be the park area.
Company 487 would work on State Park Project Eight for three years, from October, 1934, until September, 1937.
(water trickling) (water trickling continues) After nearly three years of working at Oak Mountain, the National Park Service had ordered them to move from Bessemer, and where they were reassigned to a camp in California, where they would begin working on Yosemite National Park.
(slow piano music) (slow orchestral music) (slow music) (slow music continues) (slow music continues) (slow music continues) - Well, the Roosevelt administration approached the Depression, essentially determined to achieve three Rs that we talk about, relief, in other words, relief for individuals.
Basically, the early months, years of the Depression had overwhelmed the ability of local charities to take up the slack to care for local needs.
The principal, the first, you know, job one is relief, then the overarching jobs, both recovery and reform, in other words, recovery of the national economy, as opposed to specific individuals, and then reform of a nature that would prevent this catastrophe from ever happening again.
The CCC plays a prime role in all three, if you think about it.
On the one hand, the standard, I mean, the baseline CCC requirement is that the family be on relief.
So here, the stipend and, you know, a small, originally five of $30 goes to the Corpsman, 25 goes home, relief.
Recovery, obviously, Roosevelt was a committed conservationist.
He followed his cousin's footsteps in so many different ways, this being one of them, and had experience as the governor of New York in implementing conservation plans.
So this gave him the attempt sort of nationally to apply the principles and the lessons that he learned in New York during the years as governor, particularly in terms of reforestation and landscape rehabilitation, and the obvious next step, reform, a reformed landscape is a much healthier, much more nourishing landscape, far better able to withstand the rigors of economic downturns, and in fact, not just withstand, but in some ways, help to prevent these kinds of calamities.
(slow music) - [Announcer] Mountains are precious around the this observation tower in Weogufka State Park on the southern tip of the Appalachian range, and because the park lies midway between Birmingham and Montgomery, only 60 miles from each, extensive use is expected.
The water supply for the 400 acre area is from a small creek which has been dammed to operate a ram.
Besides the tower, park structures include overnight cabins.
(slow music continues) (slow orchestral music) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow orchestral music continues) - Welcome to Cheaha State Park, Alabama's oldest state park and highest point at 2,407 feet above sea level.
The Bunker Observation Tower is one of only two stone observation towers built by the CCC in the entire state of Alabama.
So here we are at Alabama's highest point, the Bunker Observation Tower.
This tower was carved out by CCC Company 465.
This company was a group of young men who carved every stone out of native Cheaha quartzite, a stone that is harder than stainless steel and granite, and as they carved this mountain, they created amazing men and a park that would last for generations.
(slow harpsichord music) (slow harpsichord music continues) So here we are at the Lake Bathhouse, originally created by Civilian Conservation Corps 465.
So one of the most beautiful stories that we have here at Cheaha State Park is that we didn't have just one CCC crew, we had three.
And so usually, in this area, the majority of your CCC groups were junior Caucasians.
So we had 468, was junior Caucasians, 465, junior African Americans, and 2420, World War I veterans.
So down here, most of this area, including the road to the lake, the lake itself, the Interpretive Center, the original bathhouse, the pavilion, and the trails around this area were all created by Company 465.
Company 465, the junior African American crew, and Company 468, the junior Caucasian crew, worked here at the same time.
468 focused on projects up top, things like the tower in 1935 and the cabins, but they worked together on several projects, like connecting the road from Cheaha Lake and the road from the top together.
(upbeat music) - [Announcer] Government surveys have established that this observation tower, erected by Civilian Conservation Corps labor, surmounts the highest elevation in the state, 2,407 feet.
In this park is more of the impressive construction work of the Conservation Corps.
(slow music) There's also another of those park roads, winding up from the sultry heat of the valley into the clean, fresh air of the mountains.
These simple, substantial backwoods roads are one of the Conservation Corps's important contributions to the proper development and protection of the country.
A notable structure is a commodious bathhouse on the shore of a lake of fresh, crystal clear water within the confines of the park.
(slow music continues) (slow music continues) - I was born here in Choccolocco, Alabama, on this property, not in this house, June 21st, 1930.
My father was a veteran, he was from Nashville, Tennessee.
He was the only child, and he joined the Army and was discharged, it was World War I, of course, was discharged at Camp McClellan, it was not Fort McClellan.
It was Camp McClellan, I think around maybe 1919 or 1920, something like that.
(slow music) (slow music continues) (slow music continues) (slow music continues) (slow music continues) (slow music continues) And this was in about 1930, '33 or '34 or '35, President Roosevelt, and he organized this program, this Conservation, Civilian Conservation Camp, and this was for people, it was for infrastructure.
They built bridges and roads and that kind of thing.
So my father, having been, I guess having Army experiences, that he was named Sergeant Underwood.
They had barracks and they had trucks like that, and they all wore khakis, and I know when my father would come home sometimes with his big jacket on, and he had two big pockets, we were all over him, getting our apple and an orange, 'cause he's gonna bring us.
Fruit at that time was not as plentiful as it is now, so you were happy to see an apple and an orange.
My father was known as Pops, Pop Underwood, because he was a father figure for these young men who would come into work.
At Cheaha now they were gone for sometime weeks at a time before we would see him now, but they would be working with rocks.
They did buildings there and they did the roads.
Now, the white CCCs had their own company's area, their own mess halls, and the Blacks had their own mess hall, and, you know, areas to live in.
But they all, I never did hear of anything violent happening or anybody not getting along.
They all were poor folks, that was one thing in common.
(laughs) Nobody had anything.
(laughs) (upbeat orchestral music) (upbeat orchestral music continues) (upbeat orchestral music continues) (upbeat orchestral music continues) (water trickles) (upbeat orchestral music continues) (upbeat orchestral music continues) (upbeat orchestral music continues) (upbeat orchestral music continues) (upbeat orchestral music continues) (upbeat orchestral music continues) (upbeat orchestral music continues) - Generally, the CCC aspired to more than it achieved.
Indeed, you know, the original legislation included a clause offered by Oscar De Priest, the one and only African American in Congress at the time, a representative from Chicago, to try and implement a sense of racial justice, that the hiring practices be colorblind, non-discriminatory, and particularly here in the South, and especially sensitive political issues from Roosevelt's perspective, nothing in the New Deal was going to go through without the southern block of Democratic legislators solidly behind it.
But ultimately, you say this, that some 200,000 African Americans were hired under the program, and it is a little extra change, it is a little job training.
There are opportunities, as the CCC would offer, for physical development, for better nutrition, and a chance at educational opportunities that would not have been offered to them here in the South proper without this overseeing organization.
(upbeat music) - [Narrator] On November 16th, 1940, Thomas was transferred to Talladega, near his hometown of Lincoln.
This was Company 3479, Camp SCS-19.
According to official CCC records, the camp was, quote, "Serving as a practical remedy for erosion ills and a lasting demonstration to farmers of what can be accomplished by proper methods," end quote.
The camp was located on the east side of the city in a field north of Highway 77.
(slow guitar music) (slow guitar music continues) (slow guitar music continues) - Okay, we're in Talladega, Alabama, at the site of CCC Camp 3479.
We're able to find the camp location from Robert Pasquill's book, "The CCC in Alabama: A Greater Good," and it gave a general idea of where the camp was located from his notes, but we were able to take those notes and look in the exact areas where the aerial photography has been taken in this area, and sure enough, we found the barracks on the photo, and then we went back to the USGS topo maps and found the barracks on the maps printed.
They're in the same place, so we were positive we'd found the location and we're standing here.
Well, the gravel that we see here on the site is railroad slag, which was typical for what the CCC camps used.
I can't definitively say this is the actual gravel at the time, but it sure looks like the same.
We're in the right location and that's the right material, so.
And the soil conservation service was created to prevent soil erosion on farmland and croplands.
Alabama, we had seen that, especially in 1929, when the worst flood we'd ever had occurred in February or March and washed away a good bit of the farmland, cropland that we were using to produce food.
One Birmingham paper even reported during those months that two thirds of Alabama was inundated at one point.
So we saw the farmland get washed away, the soils were now depleted, they wouldn't grow crops, they couldn't feed themselves, families couldn't eat, so we had to, you know, go back, and camps like this put the soils back so that they could be arable again.
♪ Down in Alabama ♪ ♪ In the water and the mud ♪ ♪ Many souls are homeless ♪ ♪ From the Alabama flood ♪ - This particular camp planted trees in the Anniston Army Depot property, they planted trees around Talladega, they planted trees everywhere.
In addition to that, they would work with farmers and teach the farmers how to terrace their rows when they planted, so they would go out and survey the contours of their farm so that they could terrace their plowing and the soil erosion wouldn't happen near as badly.
So they were teaching good farming practices, they basically just, you know, did environmental work before that was cool.
(laughs) (slow music) - [Narrator] After three months in Talladega, he was transferred to a CCC camp in Clanton, Alabama for a few weeks before returning to Company 3479 in Talladega.
On March 31st, 1941, Thomas was honorably discharged from the Civilian Conservation Corps.
He had served a total of 18 months at four camps in two states.
He was now 17 years old and still poor, but had earned a junior high school certificate and was in good physical condition.
- I think one of the other primary benefits to the rural South generally, certainly to rural Alabama, specifically during the Great Depression, was the way that the CCC stimulated local economies, that the organization is in charge of physical care.
That means these guys had to be fed and fed well, fed according to a standard US Army diet, which means you have to procure local provisions, which means that local folks are being patronized.
And then also you say this, as well, that any of the entertainment opportunities, 'cause these guys did have a little extra pocket money, and they did go to movies and they did go to plays, and they did stimulate local economies, you know, ate at their restaurants, on weekends sometimes slept in their hotels.
So it's got this sort of cascading effort, you know, you're not only aiding the environment, you were stimulating the economy in ways that would not have occurred were it not for the CCC.
(slow orchestral music) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow orchestral music continues) (slow music) - I think Roosevelt, when he did those programs, when he had the CCC camp, then came on with the, what, WPA, and all these programs were for to raise the level of living for people, you know what I mean?
The word got out that President Roosevelt was gonna be coming through Choccolocco, and we all, we had a station down there, and so we all got ready and went to the station to see that train, and they had him in his wheelchair on the back of the train, and that was so much joy, to wave at President Roosevelt.
- I think that President Roosevelt was absolutely right by insisting that this was a great and lasting good.
I think that it clearly fit the New Deal agenda.
In fact, the CCC was one of his pet projects.
It's about conservation on the one hand, it's about preservation on the other hand, it's about the development of the national landscape.
It's about the creation of a closer link between individual Americans and the federal government.
It certainly provided widespread relief and opportunity for hundreds of thousands of young men, seriously affected by the Great Depression, who contributed really on a permanent basis to a better society, a better landscape, and a better America.
(slow music) - [Narrator] On December 7th, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, and the United States entered World War II.
Because most young men now went to war, the CCC program was defunded by Congress in 1942.
Thomas soon joined the US Navy.
He, along with thousands of other CCC members, were well prepared for military service.
After basic training and a familiar train ride across the country, he shipped out of Los Angeles, California in 1943.
He spent two years of wartime sailing across the Pacific, with shore stops in the Philippines and many unnamed islands.
After the war ended on September 2nd, 1945, the Navy shipped Thomas back to the US, to San Francisco, California.
A few months later, he traveled once again to Chicago, where he would further his education at an electrician's trade school using the GI Bill.
With his electrician certification in hand, he returned to Lincoln in 1946, found a job, married, and had children.
That was my dad.
(slow music continues) - [Narrator] The CCC brought many boys from the sharecroppers fields, provided them with education and training, and offered families relief from extreme poverty.
The CCC helped turn boys into men who fought in World War II.
The CCC program had dramatically changed the landscape of Alabama, with roads, dams, and state parks.
The program had also improved the lives of people and communities, especially in rural areas across Alabama.
- Well, I left home when I was 16 and joined CC Camp.
- [Interviewer] Okay, and you went to?
- I went to, I got on a train and was, what kind of train, Polly, you sleep on?
Bell Pullman.
- Pullman.
- Pullman.
- We went to Northern Ranch in the state of Washington and I stayed out there, 11 months and two weeks.
When I left home, my dad said, "What you gonna do if you don't like it?"
I said, "I'll make myself like it."
It was a good experience, and one thing I remember, I'll tell you, I was one of the youngest men in the camp, and I worked in the kitchen, and we had one man, all he did was cook, bake, I mean, bake, and then sometimes he'd cook homemade rolls and lemonade, and man, I wasn't worried about getting fat, I guess.
(group laughs) It was always good.
- Must be nice.
- [Interviewer] All the way out to Washington, all right.
- And then come back a southern route, in Texas, we woke up, we were sitting still, we couldn't see nothing.
And our engine had come loose, and we sat there an hour.
They went onto town, they lost us ahead coming back.
(group laughs) - [Interviewer] Lost in Texas.
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