>> "ALMANAC" IS A PRODUCTION OF TWIN CITIES PBS FOR THE STATIONS OF MINNESOTA PUBLIC TELEVISION ASSOCIATION.

>> CATHY: IN THE NEXT HOUR, WE'LL DEBATE THE MEANING OF TUESDAY'S ELECTIONS.

MICHAEL OSTERHOLM WILL TALK VACCINE MANDATES AND THE BIG SPIKE IN DELTA CASES IN OUR STATE.

AND WE'LL HEAR HOW ST. PAUL'S NEW RENT CONTROL LAW WILL WORK.

THEN MARY LAHAMMER TAKES A LOOK AT RANKED CHOICE VOTING.

>> Mary: AS ALL EYES ARE ON MINNEAPOLIS WITH BALLOT QUESTIONS AND MAYORAL RACE AND CITY COUNCIL CON KESES, WE'LL TAKE A LOOK AT RANKED CHOICE VOTING.

>> WE HAVE GOTTEN OUR VOTERS VERY USED TO HIS PROCESS.

>> Mary: THAT'S COMING UP ON "ALMANAC."

♪ >> "ALMANAC" IS MADE POSSIBLE BY MEMBERS OF THIS PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

SUPPORT IS ALSO PROVIDED BY... GREAT RIVER ENERGY: PROVIDING WHOLESALE POWER TO 28 MINNESOTA ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES.

DELTA DENTAL OF MINNESOTA FOUNDATION: IMPROVING ORAL HEALTH WHILE ADVANCING SOCIAL EQUITIES.

DELTADENTALMN.ORG/TPT.

THE SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY: A TRIBAL NATION FOCUSED ON COMMUNITY AND COLLABORATION, ESPECIALLY IN TIMES LIKE TODAY.

ENBRIDGE: CONNECTING MINNESOTANS WITH ENERGY FOR OVER 70 YEARS.

MORE AT ENBRIDGE.COM/LINETHREEUS.

AND EDUCATION MINNESOTA: THE VOICE FOR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS THROUGHOUT THE STATE.

MORE AT EDUCATIONMINNESOTA.ORG.

>> CATHY: IN A FEW MINUTES, WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE RAPID RISE IN COVID CASES IN MINNESOTA, BUT FIRST UP IN THE HOUR, TUESDAY'S BIG ELECTION.

>> ERIC: MINNEAPOLIS RE-ELECTED ITS MAYOR AND VOTED IN SEVEN NEW CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS.

THE CLOSELY WATCHED PUBLIC SAFETY AMENDMENT WAS DEFEATED HANDILY.

ACROSS THE STATE, SCHOOL REFERENDUMS DID WELL, WITH VOTERS APPROVING ABOUT 2/3 OF THEM.

ANOTHER BIG ELECTION NIGHT WINNER IN MINNESOTA?

RENT CONTROL.

AND WE START THE PROGRAM THERE.

DESPITE HEAVILY FUNDED "VOTE NO" AD CAMPAIGNS, RENT STABILIZATION MEASURES PASSED IN BOTH ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS.

THE ST. PAUL VOTE PUTS INTO PLACE ONE OF THE MOST EXTENSIVE RENT CONTROL LAWS IN THE NATION.

HERE TO TALK ABOUT THAT NEW ST. PAUL ORDINANCE, TRAM HOANG.

SHE'S WITH THE COALITION THAT LED THE PUSH TO SUPPORT THE AMENDMENT.

WELCOME BACK TO THE PROGRAM.

WHY CAN'T THE MARKETPLACE HANDLE THIS ISSUE?

>> YES, I THINK WHAT WE FOUND THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY OF OUR HOUSING SYSTEM IS THAT THE MARKET REALLY CATERS TO WHERE PROFIT CAN BE 345ED.

MADE.

AND WHAT WE FOUND ARE THAT LOW WEALTH RENTERS AND RENTERS OF COLOR ARE NOT REALLY SERVED BY OUR HOUSING MARKET BECAUSE THE RENTS THAT NEED TO BE SET ARE NOT AS PROFITABLE.

AND THAT'S WHY WE'VE BEEN ADVOCATING FOR MORE INVESTMENT AT THE STATE, FEDERAL, AND LOCAL LEVEL.

AND WE KNOW THAT RENT STABILIZATION IS A PIECE OF THAT PUZZLE BECAUSE AT THE END OF THE DAY, THERE IS NO PROTECTION IN PLACE FOR OUR MOST VULNERABLE RENTERS AND THEY'VE BEEN FACING HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS OF RENT INCREASES PER MONTH.

>> Cathy: I UNDERSTAND THAT LANDLORDS CAN GET AN EXEMPTION TO MAINTAIN A REASONABLE RETURN ON INVESTMENT.

WHO DECIDES WHAT'S REASONABLE?

>> WE WANT TO BE A PART OF THESE CONVERSATIONS.

WE THINK THAT RENTERS AND LARD LORDS SHOULD BE AS WELL AND IT'S GOING TO BE UP ON THE CITY.

THEY'RE GOING TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR REATING AN IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM AND ENFORCING THE ORDINANCE ACCORDING TO THE WILL OF THE VOTERS.

>> Eric: NEW ONSTRUCTION IS INCLUDED IN THE LIMIT YOU CAN THE 3% LIMIT ON A RENTAL INCREASE.

IS THAT GOING TO INHIBIT NEW RENTAL CONSTRUCTION?

>> YEAH, WE'RE NOT WORRIED ABOUT THAT.

WE KNOW THAT THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH SHOWS THAT THAT IS NOT AN IMPACT THAT RENT STABILIZATION POLICIES HAVE ON THE MARKET.

AND MORE POTENTIAL, WE KNOW THAT RENT STABILIZATION IS SIMPLY A REGULATORY CHANGE.

AN JUST LIKE BUSINESSES ADAPTED TO MINIMUM WAGE INCREASES, WE KNOW THAT DEVELOPERS WILL ADOPT TO THE REGULATORY CHANGES THAT ARE COMING TO ST. PAUL.

>> Cathy: SO AS ST. PAUL MAYOR CARTER SAID, AND OF COURSE HE WON REELECTION, THIS WOULD NEED TO BE TWEAKED.

DO YOU AGREE WITH THAT?

>> I THINK THE VOARLTS PASSED VERY HANDLEY THIS ORDINANCE THAT HAD VERY SPECIFIC PIECES TO IT.

NO VACANCY DECONTROL.

PROCESS FOR COMEDGESES.

SO WE'RE VERY CONFIDENT IN THE PEOPLE'S VOTE AND IN OUR ORDINANCE THAT WAS DRAFTED.

IF THERE ARE CHANGES THAT NEED TO BE MADE, WE DEFINITELY WANT TO BE A PART OF THOSE CONVERSATIONS.

WE THINK THAT ALL RESIDENTS SHOULD BE A PART OF THAT CONVERSATION.

AND WE THINK THAT THE CHANGES THAT ARE PROPOSED AND AT SOME POINT MADE SHOULD REALLY BE BASED ON THE EXPERIENCES THAT RENTERS AND PROPERTY OWNERS ARE ACTUALLY HAVING RATHER THAN FEARS.

>> Eric: HOW IS THIS GOING TO BE ENFORCED?

WHAT WOULD BE YOUR RECOMMENDATION?

>> THAT IS UP TO THE CITY.

I THINK THE WAYS THAT TENANT PROTECTIONS WERE GOING TO BE ENFORCED WERE HROUGH THE OFFICE OF FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT.

I'M NOT SURE WHAT DEPARTMENT IT WILL GO THROUGH AT THE CITY, BUT I THINK HAVING REPORTING SYSTEM, INCREASING THE WAY THAT WE TRACK PROPERTY OWNERS IN THE CITY OF ST. PAUL AND REALLY INCREASING THE ROBUSTNESS OF THAT SYSTEM WILL BE NECESSARY.

>> Eric: WILL THERE BE A COMPLAINT OFFICE SO THAT RENTERS WHO FEEL THAT THE RENT INCREASE WENT ABOVE THE 3% WILL HAVE SOME PLACE TO APPEAL TO?

>> YES, I THINK THAT'LL BE AN IMPORTANT PART OF IT, WHETHER THAT'S THE 311 OR A HOT LINE THAT FOLKS HAVE O CALL, I THINK THAT'LL BE CRITICAL.

AND IN THE MEAN TAME, HOUSING ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS HOUSING JUSTICE CENTER AND LEGAL AID AND HOME LINE WILL STILL BE ACCEPTING CALLS ABOUT THAT ISSUE.

>> Cathy: WHEN DO WE KNOW WHEN THIS WILL GO INTO EFFECT?

>> YEAH, OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE CITY'S INTERPRETATION AND STATEMENT IS THAT IT GOES -- IT WENT INTO EFFECT THE DAY AFTER PASSAGE, SO ACTUALLY, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3RD.

AND IT'LL TAKE TIME FOR THE CITY TO IGURE OUT IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT PROCESSES, BUT IN THE MEANTIME, THE RENTERS OF ST. PAUL, IF THEY DO RECEIVE RENT INCREASE OF GREATER THAN 3%, HAVE THE RIGHT TO PRIVATE ACTION, MEANING THEY CAN STILL FIGHT A RENT INCREASE THAT IS GREATER THAN 3% EVEN IF THE CITY DOESN'T HAVE AN ENFORCEMENT POLICY YET.

>> Cathy: CAN A LANDLORD HURRY UM RIGHT NOW AND RAIDS RENTS?

>> THEY ACTUALLY ACCOUNTS BECAUSE IT WAS ACTIVE ON NOVEMBER 3RD.

>> Eric: ALL RIGHT, APPRECIATE YOU COMING OVER.

NICE TO SEE YOU.

>> ERIC: MINNEAPOLIS SAW HISTORIC VOTING LEVELS FOR AN OFF-YEAR CITY ELECTION AS 54% OF REGISTERED VOTERS CAST BALLOTS TUESDAY.

THE BALLOTS ONCE AGAIN OFFERED MILL CITY RESIDENTS THE OPTION OF RANKING UP TO THREE CANDIDATES FOR MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL.

HERE IS MARY LAHAMMER WITH A LOOK AT HOW THE BALLOT COUNTING WENT, AND A GLIMPSE AT NEW TECHNOLOGY JUST AROUND THE CORNER.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT RANKED CHOICE VOTING.

MINNEAPOLIS IN 006 BECAME ONE OF THE LARGEST JURISDICTIONS TO EMBARK ON THIS.

WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED SO FAR?

>> WE HAVE GOTTEN UR VOTERS VERY USED TO THIS PROCESS.

WE'VE DONE IT FOR THE FOUR TIMES AS OF 2021 NOW.

AND WE ACTUALLY SURVEY VOTERS, ELECTION JUDGES AS WELL, EVERY CYCLE WITH A PROFESSIONAL POLLING FIRM.

SO WE DO HAVE INFORMATION ABOUT HOW VOTERS FEEL ABOUT RANKED CHOICE VOTING.

THEY UNDERSTAND IT.

THEY LIKE IT.

AND I COULD GIVE YOU SPECIFIC QUESTIONS OR DETAILS, BUT GENERALLY THE BULK OF VOTERS, THE VAST MAJORITY, KNOW THEY'RE GOING TO USE RANKED CHOICE VOTING.

THEY UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS.

AND THE VAST MAJORITY EITHER PREFER RANKED CHOICE VOTING OR ARE FINE WITH BOTH RANKED CHOICE VOTING OR THE KIND OF TRADITIONAL WAY OF VOAFTING.

>> Mary: WHAT ABOUT THE MOST RECENT ELECTION?

BECAUSE THIS OBVIOUSLY GOT NATIONAL ATTENTION BEES UNLIKE MAYBE SOME OF THE PREVIOUS WITH BALLOT QUESTIONS, A HOT MAYORAL RACE.

HOW MUCH MORE ATTENTION AND SCRUTINY DO YOU THINK THERE IS THIS TIME AROUND?

>> I THINK WE'RE AT THE POINT WITH RANKED CHOICE VOTING THAT THE ATTENTION IS OT SO MUCH ON THAT SYSTEM ANYMORE.

AND CERTAINLY FOR THE FIRST COUPLE CYCLES, THAT WAS KIND OF THE THING WE WOULD TALK ABOUT AND OF COURSE WE WERE EDUCATING AND VOTERS WERE INTERESTED.

MY IMPRESSION THIS TIME, THE FOCUS WAS REALLY ON THE CANDIDATES, THE QUESTIONS ON THE BALLOTS, AND THAT THE PROCESS PIECE, PEOPLE ARE PRETTY USED TO.

WE'VE SEEN A LOT OF NATIONAL ADOPTION OF RANKED CHOICE VOTING IN RECENT YEARS.

NEW YORK CITY STARTING USING IT IN THEIR PRIMARY.

THE WHOLE STATE OF MAINE, THE WHOLE STATE OF ALASKA USE RANKED CHOICE VOTING, EVEN FOR FEDERAL AND PRESIDENT.

>> Mary: AND IN MINNEAPOLIS, THIS JUST APPLIES TO CANDIDATES, NOT THE BALLOT QUESTIONS, CORRECT?

>> THAT IS CORRECT.

SO YOU ONLY GET A YES OR NO ON BALLOT QUESTIONS.

YOU CAN'T DO FIRST CHOICE YES, FIRST CHOICE NO.

>> Mary: WHEN WE TALK CANDIDATES TOO, OBVIOUSLY WE'RE PAYING A LOT TO OF OF ATTENTION TO THE MAYORAL RATES, BUT TAX BOARD, PARK AND REC, THERE'S A LOT OF RACES YOU HAVE TO DO ALL THESE TABULATIONS ON.

>> THAT'S RIGHT.

SO ALL CITY OFFICES ARE WITH RANKED CHOICE VOTING AND TAB LATE ALL OF THOSE.

THE ONLY KIND OF EXCEPTION, SCHOOL BOARD ELECTIONS ARE NOT HELD IN CONJUNCTION WITH RANKED CHOICE VOTING ELECTIONS CURRENTLY.

>> Mary: LET'S TALK ABOUT THE EXPECTATIONS FROM NEWS MEDIA, VOTERS.

YOU KNOW, WE LIKE OUR ELECTION RESULTS AND IT LOOKS LIKE, YOU KNOW, AFTER DAY ONE, MAYBE LESS THAN HALF OF THE RESULTS ARE KNOWN.

PEOPLE HAVE TO GET USED TO THIS, RIGHT?

>> THAT'S RIGHT.

IT'S A VERY BIG PART THAT WE ON THE ELECTION ADMINISTRATION SIDE HAVE TO MANAGE.

SO THE TENSION BETWEEN, WE UNDERSTAND THE PUBLIC INTEREST AND MEDIA INTEREST N, LET'S GET THESE, LET'S GET THESE.

AND THEN OF COURSE ON OUR SIDE, WE WANT TO TAKE ALL THE TIME WE NEED TO MAKE SURE WE'RE BEING CAREFUL, TO GET IT DONE.

SO THAT'S ALWAYS A PUSH AND PULL.

THERE'S ANOTHER PIECE OF THIS WHICH IS THERE'S BEEN A UNIVERSAL TABULATOR, UNIVERSAL RANKED CHOIT VOTING TABULATION TOOL DEVELOPED AND WHAT THAT IS IS SOMETHING WHERE YOU TAKE WHAT'S CALLED THE CAST VOTE RECORD.

THAT'S THE FILE THAT COMES OUT OF THE TABULATOR.

AND YOU CAN IMPORT IT, AND OUR RESULTS ARE DONE LIKE THAT.

NOW, THAT'S NOT CERT CERTIFIED T FOR USE AND WE'RE IN CONVERSATION WITH THE STATE ABOUT THAT FOR THE FUTURE.

AND THIS YEAR, WE ARE DOING OUR REGULAR PROCESS IN TANDEM WITH THAT UNIVERSAL TABULATOR.

WE'VE TESTED IT, BUT WE'RE KIND OF TRYING THAT OUT AT THE SAME TIME, SO IN THE FUTURE, YOU MIGHT GET SOME ELECTION NIGHT RESULTS OR, YOU KNOW, SUPER QUICK THE NEXT DAY.

STATEWIDE VIEWERS WHO HAVEN'T DONE THIS YET?

HOW DOES IT WORK?

LET'S TALK ABOUT HOW SOMEBODY DROPS OUT, BECAUSE YOU RANKED THE CHOICES, AND THEN YOU ELIMINATE CANDIDATES THROUGH EACH ROUND.

>> YES, SO WHEN YOU VOTE, YOU CAN RANK UP TO THREE.

THAT'S HOW WE DO IT IN MINNEAPOLIS.

IN ST. PAUL, THEY CAN RANK UP TO SIX.

SO IN MINNEAPOLIS, YOU CAN RANK UP TO THREE.

IF YOU ONLY WANT ONE CANDIDATE, YOU DO YOUR FIRST CHOICE ND THAT'S IT.

SO YOU CAN DO UP TO THREE.

THEN WHEN WE'RE TABULATING, ANY CANDIDATE WHO HAS ENOUGH VOTES TO WIN OUTRIGHT WITHOUT LOOKING AT WHO CHOZ THEIR SECOND AND THIRD CHOICE, THEY GO DECLARED THE UNOFFICIAL WINNER ON ELECTION NIGHT.

THE NEXT DAY WEAR START TABULATING THOSE THAT DIDN'T HAVE AN OUTRIGHT WRITTENNER ON ELECTION NIGHT.

SO WE TAKE YOUR CHOICES AND YOUR FIRST CHOICE CANDIDATE IS IN THE RUNNING UNTIL THEY'RE NOT.

SO EVERY ROUND, WE CALL IT, THE LOWEST VOTE GETTER DROPS OFF.

AND WHOEVER VOTED FOR THAT CANDIDATE, YOUR VOTE IS WITH THEM, STAYS WITH THEM UNLESS OR UNTIL THEY WIN OR ARE ELIMINATED AND THAT'S HOW THE PROCESS WORKS.

♪ ♪- >> CATHY: CHILDREN 5 TO 11 ARE NOW ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE COVID VACCINES.

AND THIS WEEK, MINNESOTA CHILDREN STARTING RECEIVING SHOTS.

HEALTH OFFICIALS STRESSED THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS DEVELOPMENT.

>> THIS VACCINE IS A GAME CHACHANGER.

IT MEANS ONE LESS NASAL SWAP WE HAVE TO DO IN A SMALL CHILD.

IT MEANS ONE LESS MISSED PLAY DATE.

ONE LESS, YOU KNOW, MISSING OF SCHOOL.

IT MEANS ONE LESS HOSPITALIZATION OF A SMALL CHILD.

AND IT MEANS ONE LESS ELDER IN AN I.C.U.

>> CATHY: VACCINES FOR CHILDREN ARE WELCOME NEWS IN MINNESOTA WHERE THE NUMBER OF COVID CASES HAS RISEN SUBSTANTIALLY THIS WEEK AS OUR STATE REMAINS ONE OF THE NATION'S COVID HOT SPOTS.

WE'VE BEEN CHATTING ON THE FIRST FRIDAY OF THE MONTH SINCE THE PANDEMIC BEGAN WITH MICHAEL OSTERHOLM.

HE HEADS THE U OF M'S CENTER FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE RESEARCH AND POLICY.

GOOD TO SEE YOU.

>> GOOD TO SEE YOU AGAIN.

>> Cathy: LET'S TALK ABOUT THESE KIDS GES 5 TO 11.

HOW HELPFUL WILL THIS MOVE BE TO TAMP DOWN THE VIRUS?

>> WELL, WE HAVE TO REALLY SPLIT IT UP INTO TWO BUCKETS.

THE FIRST BUCKET IS JUST HOW EFFECTIVE ARE THE VACCINES AND ARE THEY NEEDED IN THIS AGE GROUP?

AND THESE ARE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE VACCINES AND MOST PEOPLE DON'T REALIZE THAT IN FACT WITH THE EMERGENCE OF BOTH THE ALPHA AND THE DELTA VARIANTS, WE ACTUALLY SEE A MUCH INCREASED RISK OF SERIOUS ILLNESS IN THESE KIDS.

OVER 8300 KIDS HOSPITALIZED, A THIRD OF THEM IN I.C.U.

CARE AND DURING THE MONTHS OF AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER INTO OCTOBER DURING THE DELTA SURGE AROUND THE COUNTRY, DELTA WAS THE NUMBER SIX CAUSE OF DEATH IN THIS AGE GROUP.

SO CLEARLY IT'S VERY IMPORTANT.

THE SECOND BUCKET, HOWEVER, WHERE I'M MORE CONCERNED IS, WILL WE GET KIDS VACCINATED?

WILL WE TURN VACCINES INTO VACCINATIONS.

AND THE BEST SURVEY DATA WE HAVE RIGHT NOW ON A NATIONAL LEVEL IS ABOUT A THIRD OF THE PARENTS CAN'T WAIT.

THEY'RE THE ONES THAT HAVE BEEN ON THE PHONE THE LAST SEVERAL DAYS TRYING VERY HARD TO GET TO THEIR CHILDREN IN AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

AND THEN WE HAVE ABOUT A THIRD OF THE PARENTS THAT SAID I'M GOING TO WAIT.

HOW SAFE IS THIS VACCINE IN THIS AGE GROUP.

AND YOU HAVE ABOUT A THIRD OF THE PARENTS SAY ABSOLUTELY NO WAY AM I GOING TO GET MY KIDS VACCINATED.

WE'RE STILL GOING TO HAVE A LIMITED IMPACT IN THIS AGE GROUP AND I WORRY THAT COME THE HOLIDAY SEASON WE STILL MAY BE WELL SHORT OF 40% OF KIDS IN THIS AGE GROUP VACCINATED WHEN THEY COULD BE.

NATIONALLY, WE'RE STILL HURTING EVEN IN THE 12 TO 17 YEAR OLD AGE GROUP WHERE THAT VACCINE'S BEEN APPROVED FOR SOME TIME NOW.

>> Eric: TO BROADEN OUT A LITTLE BIT, DOCTOR, I SAW ONE RESEARCHER SAY THIS WEEK THAT THE PANDEMIC WILL ALWAYS BE WITH US, THEN SAW YESTERDAY DR. SCOTT GODLY, FORMERLY OF THE F.D.A.

SAY THAT IT COULD BE OVER BY JANUARY 4TH WHEN THE BUSINESS VACCINE MANDATE COMES INTO EFFECT?

>WHAT DO YOU THINK?

>> SCOTT AND I HAVE NOT AGREED ON THE OURSE OF THIS PANDEMIC FROM ALMOST THE BEGINNING AND I'LL PUT MY RECORD OUT THERE AND LET IT SPEAK FOR ITSELF.

HE'S THE ONE THAT SAID THIS PAST SPRING WE WOULDN'T SEE ANY ACTIVITY THIS SUMMER AND MAYBE A LITTLE BIT THIS FALL.

SO WE'LL JUST GO WITH THAT.

AT THIS POINT, WE HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THAT AS I'VE SAID MANY, MANY TIMES, YOU KNOW, WE'RE NOT DRIVING THIS TIGER, WE'RE RIDING IT.

AND WHAT I MEAN BY THAT IS IF YOU'VE SEEN JUST WHAT'S HAPPENED AROUND THE WORLD IN THE LAST SIX TO EIGHT WEEKS, WHILE WE SAW THE UNITED STATES, THE NUMBER OF CASES DROPPING PRECIPITOUSLY IN THE SOUTH, SOUTHEAST, PART OF THE WEST MOUNTAIN STATE AREA, WHAT YOU'VE SEEN WAS THE CASE NUMBERS ACTUALLY STAYING HIGH IN THE UPPER MIDWEST, AND AS YOU ALLUDED TO, CATHY, WE'VE ACTUALLY NOW SEEN AN INCREASE IN THESE CASES, FOR THE IRST TIME WE'RE SEEING MAJOR INCREASES IN CASES IN THE FOUR CORNERS AREA, PARTICULARLY IN THE NAVAJO NATION WHICH IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULATED NATIONS IN THE COUNTRY.

IF YOU LOOK AT EUROPE, ABOUT A MONTH AGO, EASTERN EUROPE WAS THE PLACE ON FIRE.

THE HIGHEST 12 COUNTRY INCIDENCES IN THE WORLD WERE ALL EASTERN BLOC COUNTRIES INCLUDING RUSSIA.

IN THE LAST TWO TO THREE WEEKS WE'VE SEEN MAJOR FLARE UPS IN GERMANY, ONGOING ACTIVITY IN ENGLAND, INCLUDING DENMARK, A COUNTRY WHERE SOME PEOPLE THOUGHT WE HIT THE SWEET SPOT WITH VACCINATION LEVELS AND THAT THEY COULD RELAX EVERYTHING AND NOW WE'RE SEEING ALL THESE COUNTRIES THERE.

WE SKILL HAVE 65 TO 70 MILLION AMERICANS WHO ARE NOT YET PROTECTED EITHER BY VACCINE OR PREVIOUSLY HAVING BEEN INFECTED THAT ARE ALL THE HUMAN WOULD THAT THIS CORONAVIRUS NEEDS TO BURN.

AND SO WE'RE GOING TO SEE MORE SURGES.

I CAN'T EXPLAIN TO YOU WHY NEW YORK CITY AND L.A. DID NOT SEE MAJOR INCREASES IN THE PAST PANDEMIC SURGE WITH DELTA.

BUT THEY AVE POPULATIONS WHERE ONLY TO 65 TO 66% OF THE POPULATION IS VACCINATED.

THESE COUNTRIES I JUST TALKED ABOUT IN UROPE AREA IN THE HIGH 70s.

WE HAVE TO CONTINUE TO EMPHASIZE VACCINE.

>> Cathy: WHEN YOU HEAR, THOUGH, THAT BREAKTHROUGH INFECTIONS LAST WEEK MADE UP 33% OF ALL THE CASES, WHAT DOES THAT SAY TO YOU?

>> WELL, IN FACT PART O OF THAT IS A REFLECTION IN HOW YOU LOOK AT THE NUMBERS, IN THE SENSE OF SAYING WHEN YOU HAVE BASICALLY 70% OF YOUR POPULATION VACCINATED YOU EXPECT TO SEE MORE BREAKTHROUGH CASES OCCUR.

RIGHT NOW, I THINK THE IMPORTANT NUMBER IS THAT OF ALL THOSE BREAKTHROUGH CASES, WE'RE TALKING ABOUT, THEY ONLY MAKE UP ABOUT 1.8% OF ALL OF THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN VACCINATED.

SO YES BREAKTHROUGH CASES ARE IMPORTANT.

WE'RE CONCERNED AS TIME GOES ON THEY MAY INCREASE.

BUT THIS IS STILL LARGELY A PANDEMIC.

UNVACCINATED.

AND SO WE WANT TO DO BOTH.

WE WANT TO PROTECT THOSE WHO HAVE NEVER BEEN VACCINATED.

GET VACCINATED.

THESE ARE REMARKABLE TOOLS, THESE VACCINES, BUT THEY'RE NOT PERFECT.

AND WE'RE GOING TO LIKELY NEED TO BE GIVING BOOSTERS NOW AND WE'LL HAVE TO SEE IN SIX TO EIGHT MONTHS, WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO DO IT AGAIN.

BUT WHEN YOU ARE VACCINATED AND YOU HAVE YOUR BOOSTER DOZE, YOU HAVE A VERY HIGH LEVEL OF PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTION AND SEVERE DISEASE.

WHEN YOU ARE FULLY VACCINATED WITH TWO DOZES OF THE MRNA VACCINES OR ONE DOSE OF J AND J, U SOME PROTECTION AGAINST SERIOUS ILLNESS, HOSPITALIZATIONS AND DEATHS, BUT GET THAT BOOSTER AND THAT WILL REALLY GIVE YOU A MUCH, MUCH HIGH REMEMBER LEVEL OF PROTECTION.

>> Cathy: HOW CONCERNED ARE YOU AS THE WEATHER GETS COOLER AND PEOPLE GO INDOORS?

>> YOU KNOW, CATHY, THIS IS AGAIN, PART OF MY MESSAGE, I THINK YOU HEARD ME SAY MONTH AFTER MONTH AFTER MONTH.

IS WE EED A REAL DOSE OF HUMILITY HERE.

WE DON'T UNDERSTAND WHY WE'RE SEEING WHAT WE SEE WITH THIS VIRUS IN TERMS OF WHEN IT STARTS AND WHEN IT SURGES IN.

WE DO KNOW THAT VACCINATION HAS EVERYTHING TO DO WITH HOW BIG THESE SUNCHS ARE IN TERMS OF THE NUMBER OF CASES.

BUT WHY IT STARTS AND STOPS, WHY HAVE L.A. AND NEW YORK SEEN ALMOST NOTHING?

WHY DID ALL THE SUDDEN, WHEN IT ISN'T THAT COLD YET, TAKE OFF IN THE FOUR CORNERS ARE?

REMEMBER, WHEN WE TOOK OFF HERE IN MINNESOTA, WE WERE AVERAGING 65 TO 80-DEGREE TEMPERATURES.

THERE WAS NOTHING ABOUT THE SEASON THAT MADE HAT A DIFFERENCE.

AND SO I THINK WE HAVE TO BE VERY CAREFUL TOO ASSUME JUST BEING INDOORPS ITSELF IS GOING TO MAKE THIS SPREAD.

THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT THIS VIRUS WE CAN'T UNDERSTAND.

WHY ALL OF A SUDDEN DID WE SEE EUROPE TAKE OFF AFTER MONTHS AND MONTHS OF BEING QUIET?

SO I THINK IT'S A CHALLENGE THAT I CAN'T ANSWER AND ANYBODY THAT DOES ANSWER IT FOR YOU WITH CERTAINTY, BE CAREFUL BECAUSE THEY PROBABLY HAVE A BRIDGE TO SELL YOU TO AND I THINK THAT'S JUST WHAT WE HAVE TO ACKNOWLEDGE.

>> Eric: A COUPLE OF DRUG COMPANIES ARE SEEKING PPROVAL FOR A PILL THAT COULD TREAT COVID PATIENTS.

THAT SOUNDS PROMISING.

IS IT?

>> I THINK THESE COULD BE GAME CHANGERS.

THE VACCINES RE OUR FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE.

AND I HAVE TO PUT A PLUG IN TONIGHT, PLEASE, ALL THE PREGNANT WOMEN LISTENING TO THIS SHOW, IF YOU'RE NOT VACCINATED, GET VACCINATED.

I'VE DEALT WITH SEVERAL CASES THIS WEEK THAT WERE TRAGIC BECAUSE PREGNANT WOMEN WERE NOT VACCINATED AND IN THIS CASE, IF YOU'RE VACCINATED, THESE PILLS, IF IN FACT ADMINISTERED EARLY COULD GREATLY REDUCE THE SEVERITY OF ILLNESS.

BUT WE DON'T WANT THEM TO BE AN ALTERNATIVE VACCINATION.

THEY'RE A TOOL WITH VACCINATION.

THESE ARE WILL BE AVAILABLE IN THE U.S.

IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.

THE UNITED KINGDOM APPROVED EARLIER THIS WEEK JUAN OF THE DRUGS FROM THE MERCK COMPANY.

>> Cathy: OF COURSE WE'VE BEEN TALKING VACCINATION, VACCINATION, VACCINATION.

AND SOMETHING LIKE TODAY'S NEWS WITH WITH AIRBORNEON ROGERS P WITH THE PACKERS, HE WASN'T VACCINATED AND NOW HE'S COVID POSITIVE.

WHAT'S THE LEVEL OF DISTRUST, MISTRUST, AMONG PRO ATHLETES?

>> WELL, YOU KNOW, FIRST OF ALL, I HAVE TO DISCLOSE THAT I'M ACTUALLY ON THE N.F.L.

TESTING GROUP THAT ACTUALLY WORKS ON A DAILY BASIS WITH THESE ISSUES IN THE N.F.L.

AND I HAVE NOTHING BUT THE HIGHEST REGARDS FOR HOW THE N.F.L.

HAS WORKED WITH THE PLAYERS AND THE LAYERS ASSOCIATION, THE TEAM MEMBERS, COACHES, OTHER STAFF MEMBERS, TO GET THEM BOTH VACCINATED AND TO MAKE SURE THEY FOLLOW UP, TO MAKE SURE INDIVIDUALS ARE TESTED DAY AFTER DAY EVEN AFTER THEY ARE VACCINATED.

EITHER IN THEIR TRAINING FACILITIES OR ON THE FIELD.

AND SO I HAVE JUST THE HIGHEST COMPLIMENTS WHAT THE N.F.L.

HAS DONE.

THERE SURELY HAVE ABOUT SOME PLAYERS WHO HAVE ELECTED NOT TO GET VACCINATED.

I THINK THE CONCERN THAT HAS BEEN EXPRESSED WITH THIS SITUATION AND I CAN'T GO INTO ANY SPECIFIC DETAILS BUT WHAT YOU ARE IN THE MEDIA OF COURSE, IS THE FACT THAT IT WAS SUPERED HE WAS VACCINATED THAT, HE DIDN'T DO SOME OF THE ACTIVITIES THAT WERE NECESSARY ON THE BENCH, WHEREVER, O AVOID TRANSMITTING TO OTHERS.

WE'LL OF LET THIS PLAY OUT.

THE N.F.L.

HAS A VERY WELL DEFINED PROTOCOL FOR HOW TO HANDLE THESE SITUATIONS.

>> Eric: AS WE CLOSE HERE, I'VE WONDER WHAT WE'VE LEARNED ABOUT THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM AS YOU GET READY FOR THE NEXT VERSION OF A VIRUS.

>> WELL, YOU KNOW, FIRST OF ALL, A LOT OF IT'S ABOUT THE SCIENCE AND THE VACCINES AND ALL THOSE THINGS, BUT I THINK I HAVE TO COME BACK, YOU KNOW, I'VE BEEN ON THIS SHOW SINCE 1986.

I'VE DEALT WITH A LOT OF PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES, SOME TOUGH ONES, THE EMERGENCY EMERGY ROOMEST DAYS ANDER HIV/AIDS.

I'VE NEVER SEEN OUR BODY POLL TICK DO WHAT IT'S OING RIGHT NOW WITH REGARD TO THE SCIENCE ISSUES.

FOR EXAMPLE, WHAT'S HAPPENING WITH COMMISSIONER MALCOLM AT THE STATE HEALTH EVELOPMENT IS ABSOLUTELY UNCALL CALLED FOR AND I THINK HIGHLY UNPROFESSIONAL BY SOME OF THE POLITICIANS IN THIS STATE -- SHE'S BEEN NOTHING BUT A MODEL OF RESPONSE.

AND I THINK THE ONE THING WE'VE LEARNED, ERIC, IS THAT YOU'RE GOING TO LOSE A GREAT DEAL OF YOUR PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM CAPACITY, BECAUSE PEOPLE CAN'T DO THIS ANYMORE.

JUST LIKE SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS CAN'T DO IT ANYMORE.

THEY'RE TAKING IT, THEY'RE THREATENED, THEIR LIVES ARE THREATENED.

I'M AT THE POINT OF MY LIFE BEING THREATENED.

I'M NOT EVEN SURE HOW SERIOUS I TAKE IT ANYMORE BECAUSE IT HAPPENS SO FREQUENTLY.

UNTIL WE CHANGE THE BODY POLL TICK, WE WILL NOT BE EVER READY FOR ANOTHER CRISIS IKE THIS AGAIN BECAUSE WE CAN'T GET READY WITH SUCH A DIVIDED NATION.

>> Cathy: THANK YOU, AS ALWAYS.

WE APPRECIATE YOUR TIME AND THANK YOU FOR WHAT OU'RE DOING.

TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF.

>> Eric: THANKS, DOC.

♪ ♪ >> ERIC: THE FRONT PAGE OF SUNDAY'S "STAR TRIBUNE" HAD AN EYE CATCHING HEADLINE THAT READ "THE SHEPHERD OF BLACK GRIEF IN MINNEAPOLIS."

THE ARTICLE FOLLOWS FUNERAL DIRECTOR TRACY WESLEY OF ESTES FUNERAL CHAPEL IN NORTH MINNEAPOLIS WHERE HE HAS SPENT THE PAST 35 YEARS.

WESLEY HAS DIRECTED THOUSANDS OF FUNERALS IN THOSE DECADES, BEEN PART OF THE COMMUNITY AND SEEN GENERATIONS OF TRAUMA IN MINNEAPOLIS' BLACK COMMUNITY.

"STAR TRIBUNE" REPORTER REID FORGRAVE, WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF PHOTOGRAPHER LEILA NAVIDI, SPENT SEVERAL MONTHS TALKING WITH WESLEY.

FORGRAVE JOINS US TO TALK MORE ABOUT WHY IT WAS IMPORTANT TO TELL THIS STORY.

P MR. WESLEY DID THREE FUNERALS FOR GEORGE FLOYD.

I MEAN, THAT UST HAVE BEEN SOMETHING.

BUT HE SEEMS MORE AFFECTED IN YOUR STORY BY KIND OF THE KIDS THAT GET CAUGHT IN THE GANG CROSS FIRE.

>> HE'S AFFECTED BY IT ALL.

I THINK WHEN I SPOKE WITH TRACY, TRACY WESLEY FOR THIS STORY AND THIS WAS OVER A COURSE OF SEVERAL MONTHS, THIS IS HAPPENING IN THE CONTEXT OF THREE THINGS THAT I THINK ARE REALLY IMPORTANT.

ONE IS OBVIOUSLY THE AFTERMATH OF GEORGE FLOYD.

WHERE WE IN THE MEDIA HAVE BEEN TALKING IN A WAY THAT I DON'T THINK WE'VE EVER TALKED ABOUT THE RELENTLESS OF BLACK TRAUMA, OF GENERATIONAL TRAUMA.

IT ALSO HAPPENS IN THE MIDDLE OF THIS PANDEMIC THAT HAS AFFECTED THE BLACK POPULATION IN AMERICA AT A HIGHER RATE THAN THE WHITE POPULATION.

AND THEN IN MINNEAPOLIS, THIS PAST YEAR, HE SPIKE IN GANG RELATED VIOLENCE.

TRACY WESLEY, HE ABSOLUTELY BELIEVES IN THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF THE BLACK LIVES MATTER MOVEMENT.

BUT WHEN HE LOOKS AT THESE OTHER NAMES, HE'S BURIED PEOPLE LIKE GEORGE FLOYD, LIKE DAUNTE WRIGHT, LIKE JAMAR CLARK, BUT HE'S BURIED PEOPLE LIKE ANIA ALLEN.

PEOPLE LIKE LONDON BEAN.

THAT'S A SIX-YEAR-OLD AND A NINE-YEAR-OLD AND A 12-YEAR-OLD WHO DIED THIS YEAR FROM GUN VIOLENCE ON ON THE STREETS OF MINNEAPOLIS.

WHAT HIS POINT WAS IS EQUAL IS THE ENERGY BEHIND THAT?

WE'VE BVIOUSLY SEEN PLENTY OF ENERGY IN THE AFTERMATH OF GEORGE FLOYD.

WHERE IS THE ENERGY BEHIND COMBATING THESE SENSELESS ACTS OF VIOLATION?

>> Cathy: THE VIOLENCE IS GETTING WORSE, SO I'M KIND OF CURIOUS.

I KNOW HE'S A PROFESSIONAL, BUT HOW DOES HE PUT SIDE HIS GRIEF, RIGHT, AND HELP THE COMMUNITY?

>> WITH TRACY, HE SEES THIS AS HIS CALLING.

HE LOVES -- HE HAS WANTED TO BE A FUNERAL DIRECTOR SINCE HE WAS SIX EARS OLD.

HE SAYS THAT GOD PUT THIS ON HIM.

THE PART OF IT, HE LOVES EMBALMING, THEY LOVES THE ADMINISTRATIVE PART OF THIS, BUT THE PART OF THIS THAT IS HIS CALLING IS THE MINISTERIAL PART OF IT, THE FACT THAT HE IS VERY MUCH A PASTOR OF THESE PEOPLE.

WHEN I REFER TO HIM AS THE SHEPHERD OF BLACK GRIEF, IT IS BECAUSE HE IS WALKING THIS PATH WITH PEOPLE DURING SOME OF THEIR DARKEST MOMENT.

NOW, DOES THAT MEAN EVERY SINGLE FUNERAL IS AS TRAGIC?

NO.

THERE ARE FUNERALS THAT ARE THESE CATHARTIC BEAUTIFUL MOMENTS WHERE SOMEONE IS 80 YEAR OLD AND LIVES THIS BEAUTIFUL.

BUT WHEN IT'S A SIX-YEAR-OLD, THOSE ARE THE MOMENTS WHERE HE WAKES UP EARLY IN THE MORNING AND IS READING THE BIBLE JUST TO STEEL HIMSELF FOR THE EMOTION OF THAT DAY.

>> Eric: THE FUNERAL HOME IS JUST A COUPLE OF BLOCKS DOWN FROM THE 4TH PRECINCT.

AND SO HE'S IN THE MIDST AND I THINK YOUR STORY POINTED OUT THAT THAT NEIGHBORHOOD CHANGED DRAMATICALLY.

>> YEAH, SO HIS UNCLE, RICHARD TESTEST, EXTORTED THIS FUNERAL HOME.

HE FOLLOWED IN HIS FOOT STEPS.

HE MOVED TO MINNEAPOLIS FROM CAN.

IS.

CITY IN THE MI MID-1980s, BUT THE RACK EPIDEMIC REALLY HOLLOWED OUT THAT NEIGHBORHOOD.

TRACY WESLEY AND HIS UNCLE, RICHARD ESTES WERE VERY PROUD THAT THEY STAYED IN THIS NEIGHBORHOOD.

BUT WHEN HE SEES WHAT'S HAPPENED THIS PAST YEAR, YEAR AND A HALF, IN MINNEAPOLIS, SPECIFIC TO HIS NEIGHBORHOOD, HE'S DISTURBINGED BY IT.

YOU LOOK AT THE HOMICIDE RATE IN MINNEAPOLIS.

I CHECKED EARLIER TODAY.

THERE HAVE BEEN 81 HOMICIDES SO FAR THIS YEAR.

THAT IS CLOSE TO THE ALL-TIME HIGH FROM 1995 WHEN THERE WERE 97.

THAT'S WHAT GOT US NICKNAMED MURDER-APOLIS.

NO ONE WANTS TO SEE THAT HAPPEN AGAIN.

ALMOST HALF OF THOSE OCCURRED IN THE 4TH PRECINCT.

SO HE IS VERY MUCH IN THE MIDDLE OF THIS ISSUE THAT I DON'T THINK PEOPLE REALLY KNOW HOW TO SOLVE, ESPECIALLY RIGHT NOW, BECAUSE THERE'S SO MUCH THAT GOES INTO IT.

YOU TALK ABOUT GENERATIONAL INEQUITIES.

YOU TALK ABOUT THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC.

YOU TALK ABOUT THESE HOLLOWED OUT NEIGHBORHOODS.

SUCH A COMPLEX PROBLEM.

>> Cathy: WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE SOMEONE LIKE MR. WESLEY BURY MEMBERS OF THE BLACK COMMUNITY IN THAT AREA?

>> YOU KNOW, HE -- THIS FUNERAL CHAPEL, AS AN INSTITUTION, IS VERY MUCH A PILLAR OF THIS COMMUNITY.

HE SPEAKS OF BURYING GENERATIONS OF PEOPLE.

AND, AGAIN, NOT ALL OF THESE ARE THESE TRAGIC DEATHS THAT WE'RE TALKING BY BUT HE HAS RELATIONSHIPS WITH PEOPLE.

THAT'S IMPORTANT.

THAT IS -- AND HIS FUNERAL HOME, THEY VERY MUCH CATER TO THE NEEDS AND THE WANTS OF THE BLACK COMMUNITY.

>> Eric: WEAL, THIS STORY IS VERY MUCH WORTH YOUR TIME.

STARTRIBUNE.COM.

>> Cathy: I'M CURIOUS, THERE'S ALWAYS A STORY BEHIND THE STORY.

>> IT WAS IN THE AFTERMATH OF GEORGE FLOYD'S DEATH.

AND THIS IDEA OF BLACK TRAUMA, OF BLACK GRIEF.

AND YOU SEE THESE AWFUL IMAGE HE'S AFTER YOU HAVE AN INCIDENT LIKE ANIA ALLEN.

YOU SEE THESE TERRIBLE IMAGES OF GRIEF, AND THEN YOU DON'T HEAR MORE ABOUT IT.

I WANTED TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THE PEOPLE WHO ARE WITNESSING THAT AND WITNESSING IT FIRSTHAND.

AND CAN SEE, KIND OF PEEL BACK THE CURTAIN A LITTLE BIT MORE, WHERE IT'S, YOU KNOW, THEY SEE THE RAWNESS OF IT.

THEY ALSO SEE THE REAL HUMAN EMOTION OF IT.

>> REID FORGRAVE, THANKS SO MUCH.

GREAT WORK.

♪ ♪ >> JEARLYN: A FEW YEARS BACK, WE HAD GAO HONG ON OUR SHOW PLAYING A CHINESE LUTE KNOWN AS A PIPA.

IT WAS SUCH A BEAUTIFUL PERFORMANCE THAT WANT TO HAVE HER BACK.

GAO IS PLAYING SATURDAY AS PART OF AN EVENT WITH THE KENWOOD SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA.

WELCOME BACK TO THE PROGRAM.

HOW ARE YOU?

>> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING ME AGAIN.

>> GREAT TO SEE YOU.

OKAY, PIPA IS THE NAME OF THIS.

TELL US ABOUT IT.

>> YEAH, A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK THE PEEP YA IS LIKE A GUITAR.

BUT I WANT TO SHOW OU DIFFERENT.

WHEN YOU PLAY THE GUITAR -- YOU PLUCK THE INSIDE, BUT AGAIN, IT'S A P PIPA, UPSIDE WAY, SO IT'S LIKE, ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR FIVE -- THEN ALSO IT'S THE MUSIC OF TELLING YOUR STORIES.

SOMETIMES WE'LL MAKE LIKE A FLOWING WATER.

OR WOBBLY WATER.

OR CHINESE GONG.

THE DRUM.

TOGETHER.

OR I CAN MAKE A SOUND LIKE A HORSE TROTTING.

AND THEN PLAY THEM AT THE SAME TIME.

OR YOU CAN MAKE A CHINESE TALKING.

[ SPE SPEAKING CHINESE DIALECT ] WHICH MEANS HOW ARE YOU, NICE TO MEET YOU?

OR I CAN EVEN MAKE A LAUGHING.

HA, HA, HA!

>> I LOVE IT.

THAT'S SO INTERESTING.

AND HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN PLAYING THIS?

>> NEXT YEAR WILL BE MY 50TH ANNIVERSARY.

I WILL HAVE A CONCERT APRIL 3RD AT THE ORDERWAY.

>> THAT'S AMAZING.

I WANT TO KNOW HOW VERSE TILE IS IT?

HAVE YOU PLAYED IT WITH ORCHESTRAS?

YES.

HAVE YOU PLAYED IT CAN GOSPEL ARTISTS?

YES, NO KIDDING?

>> YES, YOUR BROTHER.

YES, MANY, MANY YEARS AGO, I HAD A TRACK RECORDED WITH HIM AND I PLAY WITH BLUES, JAZZ, AND ANY -- EVEN IRISH.

OR BLUE GRASS.

AND YEAH WITH THE JAPANESE, THE SYRIAN UTE PLAYER AND MANY, MANY OTHER DIFFERENT -- >> I LOVE POP MUSIC.

COULD YOU PLAY IT WITH POP MUSIC?

>> YES, I COULD.

>> RAP MUSIC?

>> YES.

>> NO!

>> YES!

DESSA.

>> I LOVE DESSA.

SO YOU HAD A CHANCE TO PLAY WITH DESSA.

I HAVE TO GET TO KNOW YOU, DARLING.

YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY ADORABLE.

THETHE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA.

>> I COMPOSED THE PIECE FOR THE PIPA AND THE BASSOON CONCERTO.

I USE BASSOON AS OLD MEMORY, PIPA AS MY NOW.

SO, YEAH.

>> BEAUTIFUL.

WHAT ARE WE ABOUT TO HEAR NOW.

>> O I CAN'T HAVE THE WHOLE ORCHESTRA HERE, SO IT'S TOTALLY DIFFERENT.

IT'S A IMPROVISED ON THE SPOT.

BUT IT'S -- NOT THE SAME AS ORCHESTRA, BUT T JUST GIVE YOU SOME IDEA, WHY I AM HOME SICK.

>> WE'RE LOOKING ORWARD TO THIS SONG AND DON'T MISS HER PERFORMANCE.

>> THANK YOU.

[ PIPA STRINGS PLUCKING ] [ RAPID THRUMMING ] [ HOPEFUL MUSIC ] ♪ ♪ [ UPBEAT MUSIC BRAKIER ♪ ♪ [ LILTING MUSIC ] ♪ [ PIPA STRINGS PLUCKING ] STRINGS THRUMMING ] [ UPBEAT MUSIC ] ♪ ♪ [ FAST-PACED MUSIC ] ♪ ♪ [ HAUNTING MELODY ] ♪ ♪ [ STRINGS PLUCKING SLOWLY [ UPBEAT MUSIC ] ♪ ♪ [ Applause ] [ Cheers and applause ] ♪ ♪ >> JIM: ARE WE STILL TAKING EVERYONE OUT TO EAT AFTER THE SHOW?

>> TANE: YES!

IT FEELS LIKE I'VE BEEN WAITING FOREVER TO FINALLY TAKE EVERYONE OUT.

AND SO I HAVE PLANNED LIKE A WHOLE NIGHT FOR THIS.

I WANT TO TAKE EVERYBODY TO THIS REALLY GREAT COCKTAIL BAR THAT I KNOW ABOUT.

AND FROM THERE, THERE'S THIS REALLY GOOD FOOD TRUCK WHERE WE COULD EAT SOME GOOD FOOD.

AND THEN FROM THERE, YOU'RE GOING TO LAUGH, BUT THERE'S THIS REALLY HOT NEW FOND YOU RESTAURANT.

>> GIVE ME A BREAK, EVERYONE KNOWS THAT OIL PRICES ARE RISING.

IT'S GOING TO BE EXPENSIVE.

>> DON'T FOCUS SO MUCH ON THE PRICE TAG.

FOCUS ON WHAT WE'RE GOING TO GET.

AND BESIDES, I'LL POINT OUT IT IS A WELL KNOWN FACT THAT FONDUE PAYS FOR ITSELF.

>> JIM: I WAS ALIVE IN THE 1970S.

I HAVE THE MACRAME TO PROVE IT.

TRUST ME; BY SPRING, THERE WILL BE PEOPLE LINED UP AROUND THE BLOCK FOR THEIR MONTHLY FONDUE OIL RATIONS.

CHOCOLATE TOO.

>> CONT TANE: OKAY, WHAT IF WE PARE DOWN THE SIZE OF THE DINNER PACKAGE AND THEN WE JUST DO COCKTAILS AND THE FOOD TRUCK.

>> JIM: I DON'T TRUST ANY RESTAURANT THAT'S NOT SECURELY FASTENED TO THE GROUND.

>> TANE: NEXT YOU'RE GOING TO TELL ME YOU'RE AGAINST EVEN GETTING DRINKS.

>> JIM: I DON'T.

I'M STARTING DRY JANUARY TWO MONTHS EARLY.

>> TANE: WE PROMISED EVERYBODY.

>> JIM: YOU'VE BEEN PROMISING.

YOU JUST WANTED ME ALONG FOR MY VAN.

>> TANE: IT IS A REALLY NICE VAN.

>> JIM: YEAH, THEY HAVEN'T MADE THEM LIKE THAT SINCE THE '70S.

IT HAS SHAG CARPETING AND A RIGHTEOUS 8-TRACK SYSTE >> TANE: LISTEN, JIM, EITHER WE'RE GOING TO ALL DO THIS TOGETHER, OR WE'RE NOT GOING TO DO ANYTHING AT ALL.

AND IF WE DON'T TAKE PEOPLE OUT NOW, THEY'RE NOT GOING TO LIKE US ANYMORE, AND THEY'LL NEVER WANT TO GO OUT WITH US AGAIN!

>> JIM: NOBODY LIKES ME ANYWAY.

>> TANE: REALLY?

>> JIM: REALLY?

>> TANE: IF I SAY YES, CAN WE GO GET FONDUE?

>> JIM: YES, BUT I'M ONLY PAYING FOR CHEESE.

♪ ♪ >> CATHY: RECORD TURNOUT IN MINNEAPOLIS BROUGHT ABOUT CHANGE.

SEVEN NEW CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS WERE ELECTED, AND FOR THE FIRST TIME IN CITY HISTORY, A MAJORITY OF COUNCIL MEMBERS ARE PEOPLE OF COLOR.

JACOB FREY WAS RE-ELECTED AND HAS MORE POWER NOW THAT THE STRONG MAYOR CHARTER AMENDMENT WAS PASSED.

POLICE REFORM IS UNCERTAIN AFTER THE DEFEAT OF AMENDMENT TWO.

WE'LL TALK MINNEAPOLIS POLITICS BUT ALSO TOUCH ON OTHER ELECTIONS AROUND THE COUNTRY.

HERE TO HELP US DO THAT: JAVIER MORILLO, DFLER AND FORMER DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE MEMBER.

HERE WITH A REPUBLICAN PERSPECTIVE, BRIAN MCDANIEL.

HE'S A LEGISLATIVE LOBBYIST.

JAVIER, I KNOW YOU'RE A SUPPORTER OF THE NUMBER TWO BALLOT QUESTION, BALLOT QUESTION NUMBER TWO.

WHAT HAPPENED?

>> WELL, YOU KNOW, WE WERE UP AGAINST A LOT.

I THINK THERE WAS A WINDOW OPPORTUNITY AFTER THE MURDER OF GEORGE FLOYD THAT WAS MISSED.

LAST YEAR, THE MAYOR SUCCESSFULLY BLOCKED THE REFORM ATTEMPT THAT HAD GONE LAST YEAR.

AND THEN WITH THE RISE IN CRIME THAT WAS -- THAT HAPPENED ACROSS THE COUNTRY, BUT HERE WAS SUCCESSFULLY, YOU KNOW, I THINK WEAPONIZED TO MAKE AN ARC TO SCARE PEOPLE, TO SCARE PEOPLE AND WHEN PEOPLE ARE SCARED ABOUT THEIR SAFETY, THEY'RE NOT THINKING BIG.

AND ALTHOUGH THE LOCAL MEDIA HAS NOT COVERED IT VERY MUCH, REUTERS HAS COVERED JUST THAT THE MINNEAPOLIS POLICE DEPARTMENT, POLICE OFFICERS OPENLY TALK ABOUT SLOWING DOWN SERVICES.

SO THE SPIKE IN CRIME IS RELATED TO A, YOU KNOW, POLITICAL USE OF POLICE, LIKE, OF POLICING.

SO WE WERE UP AGAINST A LOT.

I THINK THIS IS GOING TO BE A REALLY LONG BATTLE.

THIS REMINDS ME OF EARLY ELECTIONS WHEN IT CAME TO GAY MARRIAGE.

DO WE NEED A CULTURAL SHIFT TO HAPPEN, THAT DELINKS -- BECAUSE WE HAD A HARD TIME CONVINCING PEOPLE, RIGHT, THAT CRIME WAS NOT RELATED SOMEHOW TO THIS CONVERSATION ABOUT DEFUNDING.

AND THEN LAST I'LL SAY IS THAT WE HAD LOTS OF MODERATE DEMOCRATS LIKE CONGRESSWOMAN ANGIE CRAIG AND THE GOVERNOR AND SUCH WHO CAME OUT AGAINST US.

AND THEY COME OUT AGAINST US IN AN UNFAIR WAY AND NOT TELLING THE TRUTH.

BUT IT HAD AN IMPACT.

>> Eric: FROM A REPUBLICAN POINT OF VIEW, POLITICALLY, I GOT TO THINK REPUBLICANS WERE ROOTING FOR THIS THING TO PASS?

>> WELL, I MEAN, I THINK ONLY IN, YOU KNOW, IN THE DARK PARTS OF OUR MIND THAT WE DON'T LIKE TO TALK ABOUT AT PARTIES.

YOU KNOW, MOST PEOPLE THAT I SPOKE TO ON THE REPUBLICAN SIDE, THEY WANTED QUESTION TWO TO FAIL.

IT WAS JUST SUCH A BAD IDEA.

IT WAS SO ILL-DEFINED OR UNDEFINED.

AND, YOU KNOW, I THINK PEOPLE JUST DIDN'T TRUST THIS COUNCIL TO PROPERLY IMPLEMENT SOMETHING LIKE THAT.

AND I THINK YOU SAW THAT THE PEOPLE OF MINNEAPOLIS DIDN'T THINK THAT EITHER, BECAUSE THEY VOTED MOST OF THEM OUT.

YOU KNOW, PEOPLE LIKE JAVIER DIDN'T CHOOSE, YOU KNOW, DEFUND TO BE THE ATCHPHRASE THAT GOT ASSOCIATED WITH IT, BUT THE COUNCIL MEMBERS THAT WERE SUPPORTING QUESTION TWO WERE THE ORIGINAL PEOPLE THAT STOOD UP ON A STAGE WITH "DEFUND THE POLICE."

AND I THINK THAT THE -- AS MUCH AS WE CAN SAY REPUBLICANS DID THIS OR THE GOVERNOR OR SOMEONE ELSE DID THAT, I MEAN, ULTIMATELY, I THINK THAT THE PEOPLE OF MINNEAPOLIS LEGITIMATELY FEEL AFRAID.

THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT YOU HAVE TO HAVE, YOU KNOW, BETTER COOPERATION BETWEEN THE POLICE DEPARTMENT AND THE PEOPLE THAT THEY ARE WORN TO PROTECT.

BUT I DON'T THINK THAT YOU CAN LOOK AT PEOPLE IN THESE AFFECTED AREAS AND, SAY, WELL, YOU KNOW WHAT, YOU'RE NOT THINKING BIG ENOUGH WHEN THEY'RE AFRAID OF BEING MURDERED OR ROBBED IN THEIR OWN NEIGHBORHOOD.

>> Eric: IS MINNEAPOLIS DIVING TO THE CENTER OR TO THE RIGHT?

I MEAN, IT WAS A GOOD NIGHT FOR ODERATES, I THINK.

>> YES, I MEAN, I WOULD TBHOT SEE IT THAT WAY.

I THINK THAT WHAT WE SAW, RIGHT, AND I THINK WHERE I AGREE WITH BRIAN, RIGHT IS THAT THERE WERE A LOT OF REPUBLICANS WHO WERE WANTING US TO FAIL, BUT THERE WERE A LOT OF DEMOCRATS WHO WANTED US TO FAIL, BECAUSE THE PEOPLE WHO WILL MOST BELIEVE REPUBLICAN TALKING POINTS ARE DEMOCRATIC CONSULTANTS OFTEN.

SO WE WERE ON THIS ONSLAUGHT THAT WAS MISINFORMATION.

BUT I COMPLETELY AGREE THAT PEOPLE WERE FEARFUL, ARE FEARFUL ABOUT CRIME.

THAT WAS DEPLOYED EFFECTIVELY BOTH POLITICALLY AND BY THE POLICE DEPARTMENT ITSELF.

AND SO NOW -- BUT THE ITY IS FACED WITH, AND WHAT THE MAYOR WILL BE IF D IS IF HE WILL NO LONGER HAVE THE LADY CITY COUNCIL PRESIDENT TO BLAME.

THE MINNESOTA VOTERS AREA GOING TO SEE THEIR TAXES GO UP DRAMATICALLY BECAUSE OF POLITE SETTLEMENTS.

NOW THE CITY HAS A REAL BUDGET CRISIS ON ITS HANDS, AS MUCH AS OUR CAMPAIGN WAS TOLD, WEAL, WHAT'S THE PLAN, WHAT'S THE PLAN, I THINK THAT'S NOW THE QUESTION TO THE MAYOR AND EVERYONE ELSE.

WHAT IS THE PLAN?

BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, THE MAYOR SAID YESTERDAY AND EVERYONE AGREES, IT'S N INCREDIBLY DIVIDED CITY.

HIS OWN ELECTION, HE GOT A LITTLE OVER 40% ON THE FIRST BALLOT FOR AN INCUMBENT MAYOR.

AND HE BENEFITED FROM THE FACT THAT HIS OPPONENTS GOT IN LATE AND WERE NOT VERY BIG NAMES.

BUT, YOU KNOW, THAT'S RIGHT NOW, TO INTERPRET THAT AS A MANDATE FOR EITHER MODERATES OR A MANDATE FOR HIM, I THINK REALLY MISSES THE DEEP DIVISIONS IN THE CITY.

>> Cathy: WHAT DID YOU THINK OF THE OTHER ELECTIONS IN THE COUNTRY?

IN VIRGINIA, FOR EXAMPLE?

>> SO I THINK, YOU KNOW, IT'S INTERESTING, AS THE POSTER ON YES FOR 2 CAMPAIGN WAS ALSO POLLED IN VIRGINIA, AND SHE TOLD ME LAST WEEK THAT DEMOCRATS HAVE A VERY DIRE SITUATION, THAT DEMOCRATIC VOTERS ARE DEPRESSED, ARE SAD ABOUT THE STATE OF THINGS, THAT OT SEEING CHANGE, REALLY FRUSTRATED WITH KRYSTEN SINEMA AND BILL MAN CHIN BLOCKING THE BUILD BACK BETTER PLAN.

AND SO PEOPLE WERE NOT TURNING OUT IN DROVES.

AND WE DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO WITH REPUBLICAN TALKING POINTS.

SO IN VIRGINIA, CRITICAL RACE THEORY IS 100% MADE UP.

THERE IS NOT A DISTRICT IN THE ENTIRE COUNTRY THAT TEACHES CRITICAL RACE THEORY.

AND DEMOCRATS, THE REACTION TO THAT IS REPEAT THE REPUBLICAN TALKING POINTS OR ACT LIKE IT'S NOT HAPPENING AND HENNEPIN NEITHER OF THOSE -- >> Eric: REPUBLICANS HAVE DONE AN INTERESTING JOB OF STEALING IT A LITTLE BIT.

>> WELL, I DON'T KNOW IF THEY'VE STOLEN IT AS MUCH AS THAT PARENTS GOT RE-ENGAGED IN THEIR KIDS' EDUCATION, WHEN THEY, YOU KNOW, FOR A YEAR AND A HALF OR WHATEVER, HAD TO ACTUALLY BE THEIR TEACHERS.

AND I THINK THAT WHAT WE'RE SEEING IS THAT, YOU KNOW, WHEN, YOU KNOW, THE TEACHERS UNION OR, LIKE, YOU KNOW, TERRY MCAULIFFE SAY PARENTS REALLY DON'T HAVE A ROLE IN THE CURRICULUM OF THEIR KIDS, WHETHER THE PARENTS ARE THE BEST PEOPLE TO DEVELOP THAT, DON'T KNOW, BUT TO SAY THAT THEY DON'T HAVE A ROLE IS HORRIBLE TALKING POINTS AND SOMETHING THAT I THINK PARENTS ARE JUST GOING TO PUSH BACK ON, AND THEY DID.

>> Eric: WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR 2022 FOR MENTAL HEALTH?

MINNESOTA.

GOVERNOR'S UP.

THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS.

WE DON'T KNOW WHAT THE DISTRICTS ARE OF COURSE.

>> I MEAN, I THINK THAT ON OFF YEARS DEMOCRATS TYPICALLY LIKE MAKE THE SAME MISTAKE EVERY TIME AND TRY TO DO IT DIFFERENTLY.

WHAT WE SAW HERE IN MINNESOTA WAS DEMOCRATS ADOPTING REPUBLICAN TALKING POINTS TO DEFEAT MEASURE 2 BECAUSE THEY THINK THAT SOMEHOW THAT WILL MEAN THAT REPUBLICANS WON'T ATTACK THEM NEXT YEAR.

IF THEY'VE ALL SHOWN THAT THEY'RE AGAINST DEFUND, EVEN THOUGH HIS PROPOSITION DID NOT DEFUND ANYTHING.

AND THAT NEVER WORKS.

IF YOU SOUND JUST LIKE A REPUBLICAN, PEOPLE WILL CHOOSE THE REPUBLICAN TO VOTE FOR.

SO IT DOES NOT MAKE ME HOPEFUL FOR 2022 BECAUSE I THINK THIS IS JUST -- IT'S, YOU KNOW, DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN.

>> Cathy: BRIAN?

>> I THINK GETTING BACK TO VIRGINIA AS IT PERTAINS TO MINNESOTA, RATHER THAN LOOKING AT WHAT THE DEMOCRATS DID WRONG, LET'S LOOK AT WHAT THE REPUBLICANS DID RIGHT IN VIRGINIA.

BEING IN FAVOR OF HEALTHCARE CHOICE, BEING THAT FAVOR OF EDUCATION CHOICE, YOU KNOW, DON'T RUN AWAY FROM DONALD TRUMP'S POLICIES, BUT ALSO DON'T LINK YOURSELF TO DONALD TRUMP HIMSELF.

THAT IS HOW, YOU KNOW, IN VIRGINIA, THE REPUBLICANS, YOU KNOW, GOT SOME OF THEIR VOTES BACK IN THE SUBURBS, BECAUSE IT WASN'T DONALD TRUMP SAYING THINGS THAT ABSOLUTELY MADE PEOPLE RUN TO THE HILLS.

YOU CAN SAY THINGS THAT ARE TRUMPY, JUST DON'T BE TRUMPY, AND DONALD TRUMP DID THEM A GREAT SERVICE BY STAYING OUT OF VIRGINIA.

>> Cathy: CAN WE TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THAT -- IT APPEARS IS A THAT SPECIAL SESSION TALKS IS A HAVE RESUMED.

DO YOU THINK IT'S GOING TO GO ANYWHERE?

>> I MEAN, AT THIS POINT, WE'RE IN NOVEMBER.

NOT THAT MUCH HAPPENS BETWEEN NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER.

AND THEN WE'RE SUPPOSED TO COME BACK AT THE END OF JANUARY.

THOUGH, WE'RE NOT ALLOWED IN THE BUILDING.

WE'RE JUST ALLOWED TO BE AROUND THEM FOR FUNDRAISERS, SO NO, I'D BE SURPRISED.

I'D LIKE TOO SEE THE HERO PAY BE TAKEN CARE OF, BUT I DON'T THINK SO.

>> Eric: CAN 2 2022 BE THE YEAR IN LEGISLATURE OF WINE IN GROCERY STORES AND SPORTS BETTING.

>> PROBABLY NOT.

>> I REPRESENT TWO OF THOSE THINGS.

>> Eric: I'M GLAD YOU GOT THAT ON THE RECORD.

>> YEAH, O ON THE ORDER.

I THINK THERE'S GOING TO BE MOVEMENT ON SOME OF THOSE THINGS AND NO MOVEMENT ON SOME OF THEM.

WINE IN GROCERY, I DON'T SEE MOVING.

SPORTS GAMBLING, IT SHOULD MOVE AND HOPEFULLY WILL MOVE.

IT'S BIPARTISAN.

AND MARIJUANA, IT WILL HAPPEN, THOUGH I DON'T THINK THIS YEAR.

>> Eric: 54% OF REPUBLICANS ARE FOR LEGALIZING.

>> BUT LEADERSHIP IN THE SENATE IS OPPOSED TO IT, AND IT'S -- I JUST THINK -- >> BUT WE DID HAVE A CHANGE IN LEADERSHIP.

SO MAYBE.

>> Eric: WE'LL LEARN MORE AS WE GO ALONG.

THANKS, GUYS.

♪ ♪ >> CATHY: IT'S MINNESOTA HISTORY TIME!

AND WE HAVE A GREAT QUESTION FOR YOU.

LET'S ALL TRAVEL BACK TO THE SUMMER OF 1928.

MORE THAN 140,000 MINNESOTANS OVER THE COURSE OF MULTIPLE DAYS WENT TO WATCH AN EVENT AT THE KENWOOD ARMORY, SEEN HERE.

KIND OF A COOL BUILDING.

FINALLY, THE WINNING TEAM -- LABELED AS DARK HORSES BY LOCAL MEDIA -- EMERGED AND COLLECTED MORE THAN $1,000 IN PRIZE MONEY.

MORE THAN $100,000 WAS COLLECTED IN ADMISSION FEES.

THE "MINNEAPOLIS STAR" NEWSPAPER WAS NOT IMPRESSED, WRITING, "PEOPLE ARE PRETTY FREE WITH THEIR MONEY AND NOT PARTICULARLY SQUEAMISH ABOUT THE QUALITY OF THEIR RECREATION."

THE PAPER REFERRED TO THE EVENT AS "FREAK AMUSEMENT."

WE WANT YOU TO TELL US WHAT EVENT WE ARE TALKING ABOUT.

WHAT DID MORE THAN 140,000 PEOPLE RUSH TO SEE AT THE KENWOOD ARMORY IN THE SUMMER OF 1928?

WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU WHETHER YOU RESIDE NEAR YOUNG AMERICA, BETSY ROSS POINT, OR FLAG ISLAND.

651-229-1430 IS THE WAY TO REACH OUR VOICEMAIL.

THAT'S HOW YOU GET ON THE AIR.

WE ALSO WELCOME EMAILS AT ALMANAC@TPT.ORG.

AS ALWAYS, YOU CAN RE-WATCH ANY PART OF "ALMANAC" BY GOING TO OUR WEBSITE AT TPT.ORG/ALMANAC.

BEFORE WE GO, WE WANT TO NOTE THE PASSING THIS WEEK OF A LONGTIME "ALMANAC" STAFFER.

JOE PRICE WORKED FOR THREE DECADES AS THE LIGHTING DIRECTOR ON "ALMANAC" BEFORE RETIRING IN 2016.

JOE WAS EVER RELIABLE AND ALWAYS UP FOR A CHALLENGE, WHETHER IT WAS A QUIZ SHOW OR A CANDIDATE DEBATE OR A MUSIC SPECIAL.

LIKE MANY TELEVISION LIGHTING PEOPLE, JOE CAME FROM THE THEATER WORLD.

JOE ACTUALLY STARTED OUT AS AN ACTOR, AND THAT CAREER LED TO BEING AN INDEX FILE QUESTION BACK IN 1988.

WHAT "ALMANAC" CREW MEMBER HAD THE FIRST SPEAKING LINE IN THE CULT MOVIE CLASSIC "ATTACK OF THE KILLER TOMATOES?"

ANSWER: JOE PRICE.

>> IS THAT BLOOD?

TOMATO JUICE.

>> CATHY: "ALMANAC" UTILIZED JOE'S ACTING TALENT FROM TIME TO TIME IN SKITS OVER THE YEARS, INCLUDING A MEMORABLE MILITARY-THEMED BIT BACK WHEN NORTHWEST AIRLINES WAS INVOLVED IN A TAKEOVER ATTEMPT.

JOE'S THE ONE SMOKING A CIGAR IN THIS SCENE.

>> MR. DAVIS WOULDN'T BE THE FIRST NORTHWEST PASSENGER TO GET INTO THE TERMINAL ONLY TO FIND OUT HIS FLIGHT HAD BEEN CANCELLED!

[ Laughter ] >> CATHY: JOE WAS A FORMER MARINE AND ALWAYS LOOKED GOOD IN UNIFORM.

WE OFFER OUR CONDOLENCES TO HIS SISTER PEGGY WHO PROVIDED CARE FOR JOE IN HIS FINAL MONTHS AS HE FOUGHT CANCER.

WE'LL MISS YOU, JOE PRICE.

YOU WERE ONE OF A KIND.

AS WE SAY GOOD NIGHT, LET'S ALL LISTEN TO ANOTHER TUNE BY GAO HONG.

THANKS FOR WATCHING THE SHOW THIS WEEK.

WE HOPE YOU TUNE IN AGAIN NEXT FRIDAY.

GOOD NIGHT.

[ PIPA STR STRINGS PLUCKING ] [ SOMBER MUSIC ] ♪ ♪ [ SOMBER MUSIC ] ♪ ♪ Captioning by: Paradigm Reporting & Captioning www.paradigmreporting.com >> "ALMANAC" IS MADE POSSIBLE BY MEMBERS OF THIS PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

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ENBRIDGE: CONNECTING MINNESOTANS WITH ENERGY FOR OVER 70 YEARS.

MORE AT ENBRIDGE.COM/LINETHREEUS.

AND EDUCATION MINNESOTA: THE VOICE FOR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS THROUGHOUT THE STATE.

MORE AT EDUCATIONMINNESOTA.ORG.

>> "ALMANAC" IS A PRODUCTION OF TWIN CITIES PBS FOR THE STATIONS OF MINNESOTA PUBLIC TELEVISION ASSOCIATION.